Vaulable Block Depth Locations
Block Depth Freq/Size Scoria 64-1868 200/30
Salt 64-1568 100/30
Coal 67-1568 500/22
Gold 67-1568 350/20
Opal 94-1868 230/30
Flourite 124-1868 170/20
Casserite 64-665 70/12
Copper 64-665 70/12
Iron 67-1568 550/25
Carbon 124-1868 450/18
Flint 67-2169 300/15
Sulphur 364-2169 250/30
Greenstone 665-2169 250/15
Diamond 966-3072 210/10
Cyclonite 1568-2470 200/20
Sapphire 1568-2771 180/12
Titanium 1868-2771 150/15
Obsidian 1868-3072 115/10
Ruby 1868-3072 170/10
Platinum 1868-3072 170/20
Uranium 2470-3072 105/10
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Layers
Scoria: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine
Salt: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite
Coal: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite
Gold: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite
Opal: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine
Flourite: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine
Casserite: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone
Copper: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone
Iron: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite
Carbon: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine
Flint: Grass/Dirt/Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine/Gabbro
Sulphur: Clay/Sandstone/Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine/Gabbro
Greenstone: Limestone/Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine
Diamond: Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite/Marble/Rhyolite/Bedrock
Cyclonite: Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite
Sapphire: Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite/Marble
Titanium: Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite/Marble
Obsidian: Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite/Marble/Rhyolite/Bedrock
Ruby: Basalt/Andesite/Dacite/Diorite/Tuff/Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite/Marble/Rhyolite/Bedrock
Platinum: Serpentine/Gabbro/Granite/Komatiite/Marble/Rhyolite/Bedrock
Uranium: Komatiite/Marble/Rhyolite/Bedrock
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KEY
Deposit Frequency = Number of deposits on the map
Deposit Size = Average number of blocks per deposit
Min Depth = Start (shallowest) depth of deposits as a normalized depth
Max Depth = End (deepest) depth of deposits as a normalized depth
Note: This is a simplified version of Craig's original post. The numbers have been multiplied as such, and should be accurate based off of the information given by Craig.
Also, some blocks have been abbreviated or shortened to help the list remain somewhat readable. I'll mention which ones are which, if anyone is confused.